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Fonte Avellana or the Venerable Hermitage of the Holy Cross, is a Roman Catholic hermitage in Serra Sant'Abbondio in the Marche region of Italy.〔(Monastero della Santa Croce di Fonte Avellana )〕 It was once also the name of an order of hermits based at this hermitage.〔(Toke, Leslie. "Fonte-Avellana." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 31 Jan. 2015 )〕 ==History== Fonte Avellana was established by a group of hermits living at that site around 980. The tradition of the monastery holds that it was founded by Ludolfi Pamfili, a former soldier, later hermit.〔("Peter Damiani and Humbert", ''Hildebradine Essays'', CUP )〕 It was closely connected to the reforms of St. Romuald, and its early customs and documents share much in common with the nearby hermitage of Camaldoli which Romuald founded.〔 In 1035 Peter Damian entered the community, where he became a Benedictine monk and became prior in 1143.〔(Fonte Avellana Monastery ) - Marche Places〕 He enlarged the library, constructed a nearby cloister, and established a monastic house near San Severino.〔(Resnick, Irvin Michael. ''Divine Power and Possibility in St. Peter Damian's De Divina Omnipotentia'', Brill, 1992, ISBN 9789004095724 )〕 Albertino of Montone later also became prior there. It was raised to the status of an abbey in 1325, and remains the only Camaldolese house to have such a designation (all other such houses being designated simply as hermitages or monasteries). It soon came under lay control, however, and the fortunes of the community quickly deteriorated. The community, in fact, eventually became part of the Camaldolese congregation.〔 Nevertheless, it continued in existence, until it was scattered by Napoleonic forces. Yet after the upheavals of that period, the monastic community was again established and continues today as a major house of the congregation. One notable feature of its architecture is that the cells of the hermits were built as suites. This way a hermit and his disciple could share the cell, yet each had their own sleeping space within it. This reflects the ancient custom of a hermit taking a young monk as a disciple, whom he would train in the ascetic life and often who would care for the older hermit as he aged. Dante visited Fonte Avellano and described it in the Divine Comedy.〔(Tourist Routes - Religion ), (Fano - assessorato al turismo )〕 Pope John Paul II celebrated a 1000-year anniversary mass at Fonte Avellana in 1985.〔("Fonte Avellana", Loyola University Maryland )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fonte Avellana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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